Journal: Stem Cell Reports
Article Title: Modeling G2019S-LRRK2 Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in 3D Midbrain Organoids
doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.020
Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation of Midbrain 3D Organoids from hiPSCs (A) Bright-field microscopy images of the stages of 3D organoid generation for 2 months. Scale bars, 200 μm. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of a pluripotency marker ( OCT4 ), a neural progenitor marker ( SOX1 ), and dopaminergic neuronal markers ( TH and VMAT2 ) at different time points. Data represent the mean ± SEM. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01 by ANOVA. (C) Immunofluorescence for MAP2, MASH1, TUJ1, VMAT2, TH, DAT, and GIRK2 to confirm the presence of midbrain dopaminergic neurons on day 60. Scale bars, 50 μm. (D) Schematic image of midbrain development. The marginal zone (MZ) contains midbrain dopaminergic neurons that differentiate from radial glia cells in the ventricular zone (VZ). (E) Percentage of MAP2/MASH1-positive cells in the MZ- and VZ-like zones at day 60. (F) Gene expression profiling using qRT-PCR from 1 to 45 days. Red and green represent higher and lower gene expression levels, respectively; n = 3 per sample. (G) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of synapsin-RFP-positive cells from midbrain 3D organoids. (H and I) KCL-induced dopamine levels in midbrain 3D organoids using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Data represent the mean ± SEM. ∗∗ p < 0.01 by ANOVA. (J) Gene set enrichment analysis of the microarray data from midbrain 3D organoids compared with that of 2D cultures.
Article Snippet: The hiPSCs were immunostained using primary antibodies against OCT4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5279), SOX2 (R&D Systems, MAB2018), NANOG (Bethyl Laboratories, A300-397a), SSEA1 (Santa Cruz, sc-21702), and TRA 1–60 (Millipore, MAB4360), and appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies (Invitrogen).
Techniques: Microscopy, Quantitative RT-PCR, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Gene Expression, Fluorescence, FACS, Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Microarray